2/28/2023 0 Comments Into the trash it goes meme![]() reputation) especially when “meme personalities” -“ordinary people can be (unwittingly) captured in compromising circumstances of with notable expressions or gestures and become ionized as memes” (Abidin, 2018a, p.44) -are involved. They have been brand-jacked and appropriated by brands and corporations (Milner, 2016, p.3), often resulting in an uneven reciprocity of gains (i.e. Memes have also been studied as being “factoried” in the sense of being systematically produced en mass and milked for commercial value, although not all meme factories may be monetized. Telegram, WhatsApp), and websites.Įxisting academic literature on meme factories have highlighted that they can occur as online forums (Bogerts & Fielitz, 2019 Cohen & Kenny, 2020) such as Reddit (Donovan, 2019) and 4chan (Bernstein et al., 2011 Knuttila, 2011), meme-aggregator websites (Chen, 2012, p.13), and networks of actors such as Anonymous (Jarvis, 2014). Facebook, Instagram), messaging apps (e.g. This paper pivots from existing research on meme factories that have thus far focused on American-centric phenomena and online forums, to focus on instances of meme factories in Southeast Asia -specifically Singapore and Malaysia -and their occurrence on social media (e.g.
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